Now also a state of emergency on Amorgos, the quakes of the last few hours, how the illegal constructions on Santorini increase the risk and could the volcano erupt?
Summary of Seismic Activity in Santorini during the last hours
Santorini has recently experienced a series of tremors, with only one exceeding 4.0 on the Richter scale. Residents remain alert and concerned as they follow the developments closely.
At 1 AM, a double seismic event took place with a magnitude of 4.2 on the Richter scale. The epicentre was located between Santorini and Amorgos, approximately 23 kilometres southwest of Amorgos.
The focal depths were recorded at 11.4 km and 12.8 km for the two tremors, which occurred within one minute of each other.
Earthquake Details:
Date & Time |
Magnitude |
Epicentre Location |
Focal Depth |
|---|---|---|---|
13 Feb 2025, 01:02 |
4.2 |
23 km SW of Amorgos |
5 km |
13 Feb 2025, 01:03 |
4.2 |
Same as above |
12.8 km |
The Santorini caldera has shown indications of rising by up to 4 cm since August 2024, “>according to research from the Geodynamic Institute. There have also been horizontal shifts eastwards by about 6 cm.
These movements are connected to the ongoing seismic activity.
Although similar patterns were observed in 2011-2012 without leading to eruptions, these changes are noteworthy and require ongoing observation.
Notable Geophysical Changes:
- Vertical Rise of the Caldera: Up to 4 cm
- Horizontal Displacement: Approx. 6 cm eastward
Geophysicist Thanasis Ganas emphasised the importance of monitoring these changes.
Such deformations indicate heightened seismicity but are not currently considered alarming.
Monitoring efforts continue to ensure any potential risks are managed promptly.
Professor Dimitris Papanikolaou, an expert in Tectonic Geology and Geodynamics, stated that the island’s vertical movement concluded around a month ago.
His expertise supports the notion that Santorini requires careful observation due to its unique geological characteristics.
Key Points to Note:
- Location Impacted: Santorini and the nearby Amorgos
- Seismic Cluster: Part of a larger series of quakes affecting the area
- Research & Monitoring: Led by Greek authorities and scientific institutions, including the Geodynamic Institute
- Historical Context: Comparisons to seismic patterns from previous years, such as 2011-2012
Emergency Status Initiated in Amorgos
Amorgos, an island northeeast of Santorini, has been put also in a state of emergency due to ongoing seismic activity.
Following a request from local authorities, the General Secretary of Civil Protection declared this status to efficiently manage the urgent requirements and impacts caused by the frequent earthquakes.
This decision mirrors actions taken for nearby locations like Santorini.
Since the increase in tremors began on 2 February 2025, various teams have arrived on the island.
These include a fire crew from Naxos with a fire engine, an EMAK team with their vehicle, as well as volunteer rescue workers and mental health professionals from the Red Cross, equipped with necessary tools and transport.
Furthermore, healthcare support includes two nurses from the Naxos Hospital, a paediatrician, and an additional doctor to cover the needs of the island’s medical services.
Electrical resources such as generators and transformers have been provided by DEDDIE to ensure power supply during emergencies.
Maintenance teams are there to look after the electricity network.
Likewise, COSMOTE has delivered supplies and crews for maintenance and fixing weak spots.
On 7 and 8 February 2025, a delegation of engineers from the Ministry of Climate Crisis and Civil Protection conducted inspections of public and municipal buildings, as well as local churches.
They confirmed these structures are safe for occupancy.
Prior to this, there were steps to enhance safety by marking older, potentially unstable buildings within villages at risk of collapsing due to earthquakes.
Expectations are that specialists from the Hellenic Authority for Geological and Mineral Research will visit soon.
Their task will be to assess risks in different areas such as roads, beaches, and other locations across the island.
This situation is ongoing as authorities strive to protect residents and maintain normalcy amidst ongoing seismic challenges.
Construction Without Proper Permissions on Santorini Increases Risks
Santorini, famous for its stunning caldera views, draws millions of tourists each year. Yet, beneath this picturesque surface lies a growing problem: the rise of unapproved building activities threatening the island’s natural and cultural heritage.
Over recent years, Santorini’s caldera has witnessed rampant construction, changing the landscape significantly.
Here is a comparison of built-up area per resident on the island:
Area |
Built Area Per Resident (sq metres) |
National Average (sq metres) |
|---|---|---|
Fira |
245 |
40-80 |
Oia |
195 |
40-80 |
The figures clearly show how construction has surpassed national norms.
If unregulated structures are removed, the built area would drop to 177 sq metres in Fira and 153 sq metres in Oia. This highlights the scale of the illegal building activities happening.
Facing this situation, the environment ministry decided to halt new building permissions till the end of 2025 or until a new zoning plan for the island is approved.
Still, loopholes exist that allow for continued construction.
While the freeze affects new structures and extensions, it does not fully include applications already submitted for building permits in the Critical Zone (Santorini Caldera and Thirasia). This leaves room for more strain on the area, while reports of unauthorised activities in protected zones increase.
The unchecked construction affects not just the aesthetics of the landscape but also the structural safety of buildings.
Owners of tourist accommodations and food establishments now must conduct structural adequacy studies within two years or risk losing their operating licences. This requirement emphasises the severity of the situation.
In addition to structural concerns, serious environmental violations have been noted.
Not only does this unauthorised building change the appearance of the region, but it also places stress on natural resources and infrastructure.
Unchecked, these actions could have long-lasting effects on the island’s environment and heritage.
Addressing these challenges requires a balanced approach, considering both the island’s economic reliance on tourism and the necessity to preserve its unique character.
This situation calls for effective planning and enforcement to maintain the delicate balance between development and preservation.
The Volcano Might Be Busy Again
Over the summer, scientists have observed a rather interesting development at the Santorini Caldera. The underwater dome is showing signs of swelling, raising questions about potential volcanic activity in the region.
This change, detected by experts, hints at possible magma movement beneath the surface, which could suggest that the volcano might be gearing up for action.
Signs of Change
The landscape in and around the caldera is being closely monitored. Researchers are using a range of tools to track these deformations.
Seismic activity, for instance, offers clues about what might be happening underground.
Earthquakes are often a sign of magma pushing its way through the Earth’s crust, creating new pathways for potential eruptions.
Impact of the Swelling
The swelling of the caldera has various implications.
Firstly, it could lead to small tremors, despite no major volcanic eruptions for decades.
Such activity remains a puzzle, with experts considering all possibilities.
The emphasis is on understanding these movements to predict potential eruptions and enhance safety measures.
Monitoring Techniques
Advanced technology plays a crucial role in this process.
Underwater and surface-based seismographs are stationed strategically to record vibrations.
These instruments help trace earthquake origins even when they are minor, allowing predictions about possible future volcanic activity.
Drones and satellite images also provide important visual data on changes in the caldera’s structure.
Learning from Other Eruptions
The key to forecasting lies in learning from past volcanic events.
On other islands, similar geological features have shown that calderas can swell and prompt eruptions.
Observations from these locations reveal that a packed magma chamber can lead to eruptions once enough pressure builds up.
Studies of past eruptions, like the one in 1600 B.C. known as the Minoan eruption, provide valuable insights.
Community Concerns and Preparedness
There is a sense of urgency among locals and researchers alike.
Understandably, the possibility of an eruption raises concerns.
Community preparedness is crucial, ensuring that people are ready for any scenario.
Authorities are working on evacuation plans and safety protocols while continuously updating the public.
History Repeating?
The history of volcanic activity in Santorini is a reminder of nature’s unpredictability.
The caldera has a legacy of dramatic eruptions, shaping the region physically and culturally.
The infamous Minoan eruption dramatically altered the landscape, demonstrating the potential power of volcanic activity in this area.
Scientists’ Observations
Experts, including those like Constantine Synolakis, have been vocal about the importance of careful observation.
Continuous data collection through tools and fieldwork enhances the understanding of the subsurface dynamics. It’s a meticulous process, requiring patience and precision.
Importance of Collaboration
Partnerships between local agencies and international experts enrich the research.
Knowledge sharing and joint efforts mean more comprehensive monitoring and analysis. This collaborative approach ensures a deeper, more nuanced understanding of the caldera’s behaviour.
Technological Advances
Recent technological improvements have elevated the precision of monitoring activities.
High-tech seismographs and satellite imaging allow for a detailed examination of shifts in the caldera’s structure. Submarine sensors add another layer of information, capturing subtle underwater changes often missed by surface equipment.
The Future Outlook
While a volcanic eruption cannot be entirely ruled out, predictions are cautious.
The region continues to be an area of interest for volcanologists. Ongoing research and monitoring aim to anticipate changes, ensuring readiness for natural events.
Advanced methods improve prediction accuracy, aiding in timely alerts and comprehensive safety measures.
Importance of Further Research
Continuing research is vital in this unfolding geological mystery.
The investigative approach is systematic, seeking to gather as much information as possible. Details from these studies contribute significantly to the global study of volcanism, offering knowledge applicable to similar sites worldwide.
Common Questions about Earthquakes in Santorini
How Often Do Earthquakes Happen in Santorini?
Santorini frequently experiences seismic activity due to its position on a tectonic fault line.
Earthquakes occur regularly, with some mild tremors and occasional stronger ones. These movements are monitored closely by seismologists to assess any changes or potential threats.
Impact of Morning Earthquakes on Infrastructure
Tremors in the early hours, such as those measuring 4.2 on the Richter scale, can cause minor damage to buildings and roads.
Although infrastructure in Santorini is built to withstand such events, small cracks and structural adjustments are not uncommon after these seismic activities.
Safety Tips for Handling Double Seismic Shakes
Residents are advised to remain calm and stay indoors during double tremors.
Moving to a safe place, such as under a sturdy table, can protect against falling objects. It’s important to have an emergency kit ready with essentials like water, food, and a flashlight.
Signs Indicating Potential Earthquake Activity in the Aegean
Predicting earthquakes remains a challenge. However, unusual changes in the ground, water levels, or even animal behaviour might suggest seismic shifts.
Scientists keep an eye on these indicators to provide early warnings where possible.
Influence of Santorini’s Volcanic Nature on Earthquakes
Santorini’s volcanic landscape plays a crucial role in its seismic activity.
The island’s history of eruptions and ongoing volcanic processes contribute to the frequent ground movements. This geological factor is key in shaping the region’s seismic patterns.
Historical Effects of Earthquakes on Tourism and the Economy
Throughout history, Santorini has seen its tourism fluctuate due to earthquakes.
While mild tremors often prompt increased scientific interest, stronger earthquakes might deter visitors temporarily.
Nevertheless, the island’s robust tourism industry typically rebounds swiftly, aided by the resilient character of local communities and businesses.
