The island has seen less precipitation: The months from October to January were almost dry.
Challenging summer for Crete
This summer is likely to be challenging for Crete due to the continuation of a dry hydrological year.
Many regions are experiencing significantly reduced rainfall compared to the previous year, raising concerns about the impact on tourism, agriculture, and the water supply for cities and villages.
A glimpse of hope comes from the limited water flowing from the Plateau via the tunnel, which is enhancing the reservoir of the Aposelemis Dam.
The small quantities of water are sourced from springs on the southwestern side of the Lassithi Plateau, including those at Psychro, Kaminaki, Magoula, Agios Charalambos, and Plati.
The lack of rainfall is particularly worrying for municipalities dependent on tourism, as Crete faces its second consecutive dry hydrological year, even drier than the last. Some regions, however, have seen slight exceptions.
Chania Region:
- 1412.4 mm in Askyfou / down from 1519 mm (winter 2023-2024)
- 521.8 mm in Agioi Pantes / down from 677 mm (winter 2023-2024)
- 533.4 mm in Elos / down from 753.4 mm (winter 2023-2024)
Rethymno Region:
- 681.8 mm in Spili / down from 766 mm (winter 2023-2024)
Heraklion Region:
- 285.1 mm in Stavrakia / down from 410 mm (winter 2023-2024)
- 282.8 mm in Metaxochori / down from 453 mm (winter 2023-2024)
Lassithi Region:
- 546.2 mm in Jermaiado / down from 665 mm (winter 2023-2024)
October saw no rainfall at all, and January was significantly drier as well, particularly alarming in Eastern Crete.
In response to the increased water needs, which exceed one million cubic metres during summer months, the Municipality of Hersonissos is looking to drill new boreholes.
Hotel owners are expressing concerns regarding the legislation surrounding the use of seawater for swimming pools as a measure against water shortages.
Tourists, especially from Britain, have voiced their objections to the use of seawater in pools.
Conversely, there has been a small increase in rainfall in comparison to the previous year recorded in areas like Petrokefali.
An example from the municipality of Minoan Pediada – the irrigation requirements for seasonal crops cannot be guaranteed
The situation in the Municipality of Minoan Pediada is critical due to an exceptionally dry winter, resulting in significantly reduced water supplies.
Recent data indicates that January 2025 was the warmest on record in recent years, according to observations.
Despite some rainfall in recent days, the conditions in the municipality’s reservoirs and dams remain disappointing.
Many water wells have ceased operation due to depletion, while others have seen a significant drop in the groundwater level.
Current Water Supply Status
The lack of improvement in water reserves during the impending critical period is concerning.
Continued dry conditions have led to the municipality being declared in a state of emergency due to water scarcity.
This declaration comes from the latest extension issued by the General Secretary for Civil Protection.
Measures Proposed by the Municipality
In light of these challenges, the Municipality of Minoan Pediada has initiated action by addressing this urgent issue in a recent council meeting.
The Deputy Mayor, Manolis Kourletakis, has suggested several protective measures that the council has decided to implement:
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Local Irrigation Committees: These committees are to propose written recommendations for limiting and protecting irrigation water usage across the municipality. This will be tailored to each area’s specific needs in collaboration with the Irrigation Service.
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Public Awareness Campaign: It is crucial to inform residents and water consumers about the difficulties anticipated this year.
Those planning to engage in seasonal crops need to be aware that the municipal irrigation network may not satisfy their needs.
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Freeze on New Water Connections: No new applications for irrigation water supply will be accepted from the day this decision passes in the council. This measure aims to manage the limited resources more effectively.
Official Statements on Water Sufficiency
The Mayor of Minoan Pediada, Vasilis Kegkeroglou, has raised a warning regarding the sustainability of this precious resource during the ongoing irrigation season.
The diminishing rainfall amounts have caused groundwater levels to fall substantially.
He emphasised that without sufficient water availability, the municipality cannot ensure that the irrigation needs of its residents are met.
Consequences for Agriculture
These restrictions will severely impact agricultural activities within the region, particularly for farmers who rely heavily on seasonal irrigation.
Without adequate water resources, crop yields may be significantly decreased, which could result in economic implications for the local economy.
Farmers are advised to explore alternatives and consider adapting their cultivation practices to the current conditions.
Engaging in drought-resistant crop varieties might be a viable option.
Furthermore, community engagement is essential to encourage sustainable practices that help conserve water.
Summary of Action Items
- Local committees to suggest water conservation measures.
- Awareness campaigns for residents about the water situation.
- Suspension of new irrigation water connections to manage resources.
Precipitation in the Mediterranean region has been stable for around 150 years, says a new study
Rainfall patterns in the Mediterranean region have shown remarkable stability since the late 19th century, despite yearly and decadal fluctuations.
A study led by researchers from the University of Zaragoza in Spain analysed data from 23,000 stations across 27 nations, including Greece, France, Italy, Morocco, and Egypt. This research covers the period from 1871 to 2020, with the objective of examining long-term rainfall trends.
The findings indicate that precipitation levels in the area have largely remained consistent over the last 150 years. However, there is significant spatial variability in rainfall and notable differences between decades and seasons.
These variations are attributed to atmospheric dynamics within the region. The data from this study align with projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP), which also does not suggest a predominant trend in past rainfall in the Mediterranean.
The research points out that the atmospheric circulation in the Mediterranean is highly complex. This complexity requires further exploration to clarify the specific impacts of human-induced climate change, which may lead to a decrease in rainfall.
It is important to note that the Mediterranean region is currently experiencing a period of increasing climatic dryness. This trend is mainly driven by enhanced atmospheric evaporation, a consequence of significant warming observed in the region.
As temperatures rise, the capacity for moisture to evaporate increases, thereby impacting rainfall patterns.
Rainfall Variability
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Consistency Over Time:
- Rainfall has remained stable since the late 1800s.
- Average precipitation levels have not shown a persistent downward trend.
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Spatial Differences:
- Rainfall patterns are influenced by local geographic factors.
- Variability across different regions and decades.
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Seasonal Changes:
- Seasonal variations play a crucial role in determining overall rainfall.
- Some areas may experience wetter or drier seasons depending on atmospheric conditions.
Climatic Influences
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Human Activity:
- The effects of climate change, driven by human activities, are pivotal.
- Increased temperatures lead to more evaporation, impacting rainfall.
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Atmospheric Dynamics:
- The Mediterranean’s weather is shaped by complex atmospheric processes.
- This complexity makes predicting rainfall patterns challenging.
Implications for Mediterranean Countries
For nations like Greece, Italy, and France, these findings hold essential implications for water management and agricultural practices.
As rainfall patterns become increasingly unpredictable, countries must adapt their strategies to maintain water resources.
- Greece:
- With its reliance on agricultural outputs, changes in rainfall can significantly affect food production.
- Italy:
- Coastal regions may face saltwater intrusion as sea levels rise, influenced by declining rainfall.
- France:
- Agricultural sectors may need to adopt more resilient practices to cope with changing weather patterns.
Conclusion on Research Findings
The Mediterranean region is at a crucial juncture with regards to its climate. Increased temperatures and shifting rainfall patterns pose threats to ecosystems, water supplies, and agriculture.
As researchers continue to explore these dynamics, the understanding of how to mitigate the impacts of climate change on this vulnerable area becomes even more vital.
In summary, the Mediterranean’s rainfall trends, influenced by both natural and human-induced factors, highlight the need for comprehensive strategies to cope with the consequences of climate change. The future will demand that nations work together to safeguard their resources and adapt to an ever-changing environment.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the typical climate and weather like for the Mediterranean islands in winter?
During winter, Mediterranean islands experience mild temperatures and increased rainfall.
Daytime highs usually range from 10°C to 18°C, while nights can be cooler, dropping to around 5°C to 10°C.
Sunshine is still present, but cloudy and rainy days are common.
What main industries operate on Mediterranean islands during the winter?
In winter, the primary industries on Mediterranean islands include agriculture, fishing, and local crafts.
Olive oil production, citrus harvesting, and fishing remain active. Some areas also focus on preparing for the tourism season that starts in spring.
How does tourism impact the economies of Mediterranean islands from October to January?
Tourism slows down greatly during winter, affecting local businesses.
Many hotels and restaurants close or reduce hours. However, local markets and shops continue to serve residents and a few tourists, sustaining some economic activity during this time.
Which historical sites can visitors explore on Mediterranean islands in the off-peak season?
Tourists can visit various historical sites even in winter.
Popular locations include ancient ruins, castles, and churches. Sites such as the Palace of Knossos in Crete or the Acropolis in Rhodes attract those interested in history without the crowds.
What are the local customs and festivities on Mediterranean islands during early winter?
In early winter, communities celebrate several traditional festivals.
Local customs often include feasts that highlight seasonal foods. Festivals may feature music, dance, and market events that reflect the island’s heritage.
How do communities on Mediterranean islands ready themselves for seasonal weather changes?
Local communities prepare for winter by maintaining infrastructure and protecting crops.
Houses are typically equipped for moisture and cold, and farmers plan for planting with the rainy season in mind.
Local councils often clean drainage systems to prevent flooding during heavy rains.
