What the systematic excavation on Kastelli Hill in Chania revealed in 2024.
The systematic archaeological investigation at the Kestelli Hill in the Old Town of Chania was directed by Dr Maria Andreadaki-Vlazaki, under the auspices of the Chania Antiquities Service. This research took place during September and October 2024 and concentrated on the “Katre lot no. 1”.
Excavations at Kestelli Hill are known to be among the most challenging in their field. The site features densely packed and numerous layers of ancient habitation, dating back to the 4th millennium BC, sitting within the buildings of the Old Town of Chania. This complexity requires the research to proceed carefully, as it encounters many contemporary issues in a heavily populated urban environment. Additionally, the presence of an active seismic fault at the Katre excavation site, with significant impacts over the centuries, adds to the difficulties. The geological formations have created unique layers with inclines of up to 80%. Only highly skilled technicians can manage such challenges. Every year, however, the continuation of this archaeological work rewards the city with new findings that enrich its long history as one of the oldest cities in Europe.
During the 2024 investigation in the “Katre 1” lot, a significant discovery was made, confirming the existence of a large hypostyle space used for gatherings and rituals, which resembles a loggia. At the eastern edge of the investigated area, the terrazzo floor abruptly ends without any sign of walls, giving way to a dirt floor beyond this covered area.
To the north and west of the hypostyle space, walls constructed from very large, finely worked stones suggest at least a second storey. The northern wall features openings and is decorated with wall paintings, turning at a right angle towards the east, though it is relatively short.
Archaeologists have also unearthed a variety of items that reflect the rich cultural and historical layers of the site. Some notable finds include pottery, which serves as a key indicator of the activities that took place here throughout different periods. Coins, including silver ones, were also found. This numismatic collection provides insight into the economic interactions and trade practices of ancient civilisations, particularly concerning the Olympic Games, which played a crucial role in connecting different regions.
The historical significance of Kestelli Hill cannot be overstated. The area is surrounded by defensive constructions that offer evidence of its strategic importance. These fortifications highlight the defensive efforts made during ancient times. The continuous human activity over millennia has formed intricate archaeological testimonies. The contributions of the site to our understanding of Minoan and later periods are invaluable.
Among the unique stratifications identified at the site, archaeologists have noted evidence of outdoor spaces that were likely utilised for various activities. These areas not only reveal architectural practices but also hint at social interactions that occurred in public settings. It is within these spaces that various ceremonies and community gatherings possibly took place, underscoring the cultural dynamics of the time.
Among them were also large sacrifices of animals and a virgin during the Mycenaean period, a unique and proven sacrifice of a virgin in the history of Mycenaean archaeology. The Minoan male sacrifice at Arhanes is older and dates back to the 17th century BC.
The research also sheds light on the transitions through different eras. Findings point to a blend of archaic traditions and later influences, showcasing how the site’s history is marked by adaptability and resilience. The discovery of distinct layers has encouraged further exploration of the architectural techniques used and the materials selected by the ancient inhabitants. The presence of mosaics and ornate pottery demonstrates the aesthetic values and craftsmanship of the period.
So far, traces of four major earthquakes have been detected at the Katre 1 archaeological site: Mid-13th century BC, early 6th century BC, late 6th/early 5th century BC and in 365 AD with the violent earthquake with a magnitude of over 8 Richter. In connection with this last earthquake, a section of a late Roman floor was uncovered in this year, which collapsed and was simultaneously raised almost vertically, while the corresponding wall in the west broke into two parts, split, shifted to the west and sank in the southern part.
Kestelli Hill’s archaeological narrative extends through the ages, reflecting broader historical shifts, including trade, warfare, and cultural interactions across the Mediterranean. The evidence gathered speaks to the interactions among various civilisations that flourished in the region over centuries. This complex history is further enriched by the ongoing efforts of archaeologists committed to uncovering the layers that lie beneath the surface.
Through this meticulous excavation work, Kestelli Hill continues to offer insights into urban planning and construction practices in ancient times. Researchers are analysing the layout and functional aspects of buildings unearthed, revealing how these spaces were designed to accommodate communal needs. The strategic use of space within the hypostyle area accommodates both function and symbolism, capturing aspects of social hierarchy and religious practices.
The efforts to conserve and maintain these findings are equally vital. The protection of such archaeological sites ensures that future generations can learn from and appreciate the historical richness. Proper conservation measures are necessary to safeguard against environmental factors and human interventions that threaten the integrity of these invaluable remains.
Frequently Asked Questions
What were the key archaeological discoveries at Kastelli Hill in Chania in 2024?
In 2024, important archaeological findings were made at Kastelli Hill in Chania. The excavations yielded various structures, pottery, and tools that date back to several historical periods. These discoveries contribute significantly to understanding the area’s past.
Can you explain the historical periods represented by the artefacts found at Kastelli Hill last year?
The artefacts uncovered at Kastelli Hill span multiple historical epochs, including the Minoan and Hellenistic periods. Each set of artefacts offers insights into the lifestyles and practices of the people who once inhabited this area.
What insights do the systematic digs at Kastelli Hill provide about ancient Cretan society?
The systematic excavations at Kastelli Hill shed light on ancient Cretan society‘s organisation, trade practices, and religious beliefs. The items found indicate a community engaged in various activities, from agriculture to craft production.
How have the 2024 excavations at Kastelli Hill changed perceptions of Chania’s urban history?
The 2024 excavations have enhanced the understanding of Chania’s urban evolution. The findings illustrate how the city developed over time and highlight its significance as a cultural and commercial centre in ancient Crete.
What kinds of artefacts were uncovered during the 2024 archaeological work in Chania, and why do they matter?
Several types of artefacts were found during the 2024 digs, including ceramics, figurines, and tools. Each category of artefact holds cultural significance as it helps to reveal daily life, artistic expression, and technological advancements of the period.
How have the findings from the 2024 Kastelli Hill excavations advanced the study of ancient Crete?
The discoveries from the 2024 excavations at Kastelli Hill have provided new data that enhance the comprehension of ancient Cretan societies. They offer fresh perspectives on trade routes, social hierarchy, and cultural practices that defined the region throughout history.
